Desktop Database Software

4D v12

Access by Microsoft
Server-less relational database system for the desktop target. Model: Integrated frontend. Platform: Windows. Features: store, query, transactions, manage, print, script and program.

FileMaker by FileMaker
Server-less relational database system for the desktop target. Model: Integrated frontend. Platform: Apple, Windows. Features: store, query, manage, print, script(?) and program(?).

OpenBase v11, currently available for Mac OS X and Linux, announced for Windows (as of 2010).

SqlBase v11.6 by Unify.

Relational Database Servers

BDB / Berkeley DB by Sleepycat Software, now Oracle*
Server-less key-value-pair database system for high performance and business-critical data. Model: Library. Features: store, query, transactions.

Cubrid v3.1for Linux and Windows.

Interbase / Firebird*
side-projects: Fyracle, Yaffil

LinterSQL

MySql*
=> excellent article on the 'benefits' of mysql

Sqlite*
Light-weight relational database system with partial procedure support. Model: Library.
Does not have strong typing, only suggestive typing for columns.

SQL Server by Microsoft*

DB-related Languages and Techniques

SQL

Elimination of Duplicate Rows in SQL Server
Nulls and Null-handling in different DBMS

XML/XQUERY/XPATH

Test/Sample Data

Sample Datasets for Benchmarking and Testing by Baron Schwartz